The Edible Ichthyofauna of Konhaye Stream District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Sana Ullah, Zaigham Hasan, Maryam Begum

ABSTRACT
The present preliminary study was undertaken from April through September 2013, to find out the edible fishes of Konhaye Stream at District Dir Lower. Different types of nets and hooks were used for collecting fishes. During the study period, eleven edible fish species were identified including Schizopyge esocinus, Raconma labieta, Cyprinion watsoni, Cyprinus carpio, Crossocheilus diplocheilus, Garra gotyla, Puntius ticto, Puntius sophore, Channa Punctatus, Channa gachua and Mastacembelus armatus. The result of the present study revealed that Konhaye stream is having rich edible fish fauna and if proper stocking is carried out, it can harbor more fish quantity and species.

Key words: Fisheries, Employment, river Panjkora, Konhaye Stream, Check list, Conservation

Effect of Potassium Nitrate and Salinity on Growth and Endogenous Gibberellins of Glycine max Var. Daewonkong.

Muhammad Hamayun, Humaira Gul1, Sumera Afzal Khan, Guljan, Zia Ullah

ABSTRACT
Plant growth and development was affected greatly through salinity. Appropriate nutrients application on salinity condition can reduce its harmful effects and increased productivity of salinized soils. A pot experiment was carried out in 2007 in cs Lab., Department of Agronomy, Kyungpook National University, Korea to assess the effects of potassium nitrate on Gycine max (Var. Daewonkong) under different salinity levels. Experiment was complete randomized block design (CRBD), consisted of 9 treatments with 3 replications per treatment and each replication comprising 9plants. KNO3 and NaCl were applied to soybean plants 14 days after sowing (14
DAS). KNO3 was applied at the rates of 5.0 mM and 10.0 mM, each pot receiving150 ml of

KNO3 solution. For salt stress induction, single dose of 300 ml of NaCl solution of 70 mM and

140 mM strength was given to the plants. Plant length, shoot and root fresh and dry weights were measured for harvested soybean plants while chlorophyll content was estimated in fully expanded leaves. Plant samples were harvested after 24 h of KNO3 and NaCl application for the analysis of endogenous bioactive Gibberellin. Results showed that all growth parameters (shoot length, fresh and dry shoot weight, fresh and dry root weight), chlorophyll content and endogenous bioactive GA1 and GA4 content of soybean cultivar Daewonkong were reduced under NaCl stress. KNO3 application enhanced shoot length, fresh and dry shoot weight, fresh and dry root weight, chlorophyll contents and endogenous bioactive GA1 and GA4 content as compared to control treatment.

KEYWORDS: Salinity, Potassium nitrate, Endogenous Gibberellin, Chlorophyll.

Screening of Seven Medicinal Plants of Family Lamiaceae for Total Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity

Touseef Rehan, Riffat Tahira, Tabassum Rehan, Ayesha Bibi and Muhammad Naeemullah

ABSTRACT
In order to prolong the storage stability of foods and to reduce the damage to human body, synthetic antioxidants are used in industrial processing. However, the side effects of some synthetic antioxidants are documented as they are reported to be carcinogenic. Present study was carried out to explore the antioxidant potential of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenes present in crude extracts and essential oils of seven selected medicinal herbs of family Lamiacae. Highest oil yield was observed for Oreganum vulgare followed by Melissa officinalis. Lowest oil yield was recorded for Lavendula officinalis. Methanolic extract of M. officinalis showed highest phenolic content (243.9mg GE/100g DW), while highest flavonoid content was recorded in methanolic extract of Mentha pulegonium (256.2mg CE/100g DW). Highly significant differences were found among different plants and concentrations for plant extracts and essential oils. Highest antioxidant activity was recorded for essential oil (68.523%) and methanolic extract (60.017%) of M. officinalis. O. vulgare showed lowest antioxidant activity in both essential oil (46.583%) and methanolic extract (38.585%).

Keywords: DPPH, Total Phenolics, Total flavonoids, Essential oils

Evaluation of Coagulation Disorder in Patients with Liver Disease in Bangladesh

Md. Bayejid Hosen, Tahirah Yasmin, Jyosna Khanam, Amzad Hossain, Md. Mesbah Uddin

ABSTRACT
In liver disorder, prothrombin time (PT) is elevated, and fibrinogen level decreased which are considered predictors of increased bleeding risk. We aimed at determining whether increased PT and fibrinogen value reflect the haemostatic potential and bleeding risk in patients with liver disorder. The study comprises a total of 135 subjects including patients with liver disorder (n=75) and healthy volunteer (n=60) matched by age and sex. The PT was measured by STart 4 haemostasis analyzer and fibrinogen was measured by ELISA based method. The PT was significantly (p<0.001) increased in patients with liver disorder compared to the controls. On the other hand, the fibrinogen level was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in patients with liver disorder. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.6; p<0.001) of fibrinogen with PT. Coagulation abnormalities were profound in liver disorder. Thus PT and fibrinogen level may be used as a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment of liver disorder.

Key words: Coagulation disorder, Fibrinogen, Haemostasis, Liver disorder, Prothrombin time

Conversion of Cotton to Glucose by Base Hydrolysis Using Various Hydrolytic Conditions

Irfanullah, Nida Rehman, Muhammad Balal Arain, Nasrullah Shah

ABSTRACT
Cotton is a natural polymer which contains cellulose. It can be hydrolyzed by different methods to convert it to useful products. The process of hydrolysis may greatly affected by different factors i.e. concentration of solvent, heating source, and the time duration. In the present work, cotton was hydrolyzed by base under different heating sources for hydrolysis including hotplate, sonication and autoclave. The hydrolysis process was done for 60 min using 3M and 6M NaOH solutions. The hydrolysis process resulted in 21 to 39 % conversion of cotton to glucose. The obtained glucose may be used for different purposes such as bioethanol production, bacterial cellulose production and other purposes while the residue may be utilized for adsorption.

Key words: Cotton, base hydrolysis, glucose