Phytosociological attributes and phytodiversity of Dheri baba hill and Peer Taab Graveyard, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Mohib Shah, Rozina

 

ABSTRACT
Phytosociological study of the vegetation regarding phtodiversity of Dheri Baba hill Gohati and Peer Taab graveyard was carried out in May, 2010. The aim of the study was to identify plant species diversity, life and leaf form spectra of the vegetation. Four sites were selected on the basis of floristic composition, physiognomy and topography. Each stand was divided into foot hill, mid hill and top hill vegetation. A total of 72 plant species were identified belonging to 23 families. Twelve different plant communities were recognized. Most of them were dominated by therophytes and were better adapted to dry climate. Species like Cynodon dactylon, Boerrhavia procumbens, Calotropis procera, Cyperus rotundus, Tribulis terristris, Digera muricata and Zizypus mauritiana dominated these communities. Physiochemical analysis of soil that it was slightly alkaline and sandy in texture. Organic matter was high in Peer Tab graveyard. The life form and leaf size spectra were also determined in which therophytes (30%) and chamaephytes (13%) dominated all the stands. Similarly microphyll (42%) and mesophyll (24%) were dominant in Dheri Baba hill while in case of Peer Taab graveyard microphyll (42%) and nanophyll (15%) were the dominant species.
Key words: - Phytosociology, Phytodiversity, Swabi, Pakistan.

Effects of Chemical and Mechanical Scarification Treatments on Germination Rate of Monotheca buxifolia(Flac) Seeds
Zille Huma, Abdur Rashid, Muhammad Ibrar, Barkatullah, Ishfaq Hameed

 

ABSTRACT
Monothecabuxifolia (flac) is economically important plant.Seeds of Monothesabuxifoliawere subjected to 17different treatments in order to reduce dormancy. After scarification,scarification coupled with hot water treatment,application of kinitine after scarification and application of IAA after scarification gave 76%,88%, 72% and 76% respectivelyshows higher percentage of germination in all treatments. Scarification coupled with hot water and kinitine,scarification coupled with hot water and IAA, hot water coupled with H2SO4 and kinitine, and scarification coupled with H2SO4 and kinitine gave same result which is 60% for all.Other treatments gave moderate results.The results show that reduction in germination is due to hard seat testa and inactive plants germination hormones.
Keyword; IAA, scarification, dormancy, hormones, Sapotaceae

Eco-taxonomic study of family Brassicaceae of District Mardan, Khyber Pukhtoon- Khwa, Pakistan
Niaz Ali Khan, Mohib Shah

 

ABSTRACT
A total of 27 plant species belonging to 19 genera of the family Brassicaceae were collected from different localities of District Mardan. In which five plant species were belonging to genus Brassica, 3 species to Lepidium. Malcolmia and Raphanus had 2 species each, while Alyssum, Arabis,Capsella, Cardamine, Cardaria, Coronopus, Descurainia, Eruca, Farsetia, Goldbachia, Nasturtium, Neslia, Notoceras, Rorippa and Sisymbrium had one species each. The wild species were Alyssum desertorum, Arabistaraxacifolia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cardaminehirsuta, Cardariadraba, Coronopusdidymus, Descurainiasophia, Farsetiajacquemontii, Goldbachialaevigata, Lepidiumapetalum, Lepidiumsativum,Malcolmiacabulica,Nesliaapiculata, Notocerosbicorne, Rorippaindica,andSisymbriumirio.There were 13.7% xerophytes, 82.7% mesophytes and 3.4%. Hydrophytes. According to Abundance scale, 41% were frequent, 17% occasional, 14% abundant, 7% very rare, 4% and 3% were dominant and rare species respectively. Phenological behavior indicated that most plants grown in spring season in which 41% were non palatable, 23% less palatable and 38% highly palatable. Life form classes indicated 66% therophytes followed by 17% chaemophytes, 14% hemicryptophytes and 3% Geophytes. Conservation status had shown that 42.85% were infrequent followed by 38.09% rare and 19.04% vulnerable. It was concluded that members of the Brassicaceae need attention not only for its cultivation but emphasis must be made on conservation for sustainable utilization of plant resources.
Key words:Phenology, Palatability, Life form, Leaf form, Mardan.

Induce Tolerance in Trichodrma Species against Fungicide
Muhammad Omer Khan, Nasrullah Shah, Saleem Shahzad and Muhammad Noman Khan

 

ABSTRACT
The paper presents the development of tolerance in T. harzianum with fungicides viz. Topsin- M and Carbendazim. Initially Topsin-M and Carbendazim inhibit the growth of T. harzianum even @ 0.1 and 0.01 ppm respectively but after gradual increase concentration of fungicides with repeated sub-culturing, tolerance were induce against in T. harzianum and it able to grow on media amended with Topsin-M and Carbendazim even @ 10,000ppm. The purpose of this practice is to reduce the chemical use in field and inhibit pathogen more strongly with dual action (reduce dose of fungicide and biocontrol agent).

Keywords: Tolerance,T. harzianum, Topsin- M, Carbendazim

Management of Sucking Complex in Bt Cotton Through the Application of Different Plant Products
M. Hamayoon Khan, N. Ahmad, S.M.M. Rashdi , I. Rauf, M. Ismail and M. Tofique

 

ABSTRACT
The effect of different plant extracts (neem oil, garlic, eucalyptus and datura) on the population of jassid, Amrasca devastans (Dist.), whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lind.) were tested in Bt cotton under field conditions. All the plant products showed varying toxicity against sucking complex of Bt cotton 24, 72, 168 and 240 hours after application. Datura proved to be the most effective bringing about significant reduction in the pest population followed by neem oil. Garlic and eucalyptus also produced significant results compared to untreated check. However, the two times application of plant products revealed garlic and eucalyptus significantly less effective than Datura and neem.
Keywords: Sucking complex, Bt cotton, botanical pesticides, infestation